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| ポツダム宣言 （1945） |
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大東亜戦争における日本の敗戦を決定づけた宣言文。日本は昭和20（1945）年8月15日、天皇の「終戦の詔勅」（「玉音放送」）を以て「終戦」とされているが、実際には、同年9月2日、アメリカ戦艦ミズーリ号上において、日本政府全権・重光葵（しげみつ-まもる）が「ポツダム宣言」受諾の降伏文書に署名した時が本来の「終戦」である。しかし、「ポツダム宣言」第8条の「カイロ宣言の条項は履行する」が空文である為、宣言自体不完全であり、法律上、「無効」と言える。
26 July 45
We[1], the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end the war.
The prodigious land, sea, and air forces of the United States, the British Empire, and China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from the West, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan. This military power is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the allied nations to prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist.
The result of the futile and senseless German resistance to the might of the aroused free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an example to the people of Japan.
The time has come for Japan to decide whether she will continue to be controlled by those self-willed militaristic advisers whose unintelligent calculations have brought the Empire of Japan to the threshold of annihilation, or whether she will follow the path of reason.
The following are our terms. We shall not deviate from them. There are no alternatives.We shall brook no delay.
There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest, for we insist that a new order of peace, security, and justice will be impossible until irresponsible militarism is driven from the world.
Until such a new order is established and until there is convincing proof that Japan's war-making power is destroyed points in Japanese territory designated by the Allies will be occupied to secure the achievement of the basic objective we are here setting forth.
The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out,and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu,Shikoku, and such minor islands as we determine.
The Japanese military forces after being completely disarmed shall be permitted to return to their homes, with the opportunity of leading peaceful and productive lives.
We do not intend that the Japanese shall be enslaved as a race nor destroyed as a nation,but stern justice well be meted out to all war criminals, including those who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners. The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people.Freedom of speech, or religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fundamental human rights, shall be established.
Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will sustain her economy and allow of the exaction of just reparations in kind, but not those industries which would enable her to rearm for war.
To this end access to, and distinguished from control of, raw materials shall be permitted.Eventual Japanese participation in world trade relations shall be permitted.
The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished, and there has been established, in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people, a peacefully inclined and responsible Government.
We call upon the Government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all the Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is complete and utter destruction.
昭和20年7月26日、アメリカ、イギリス、中華民国により宣言
昭和20年8月14日、日本受諾
一 吾等合衆国大統領、中華民国政府主席及「グレート、ブリテン」国総理大臣ハ吾等ノ数億ノ国民ヲ代表シ協議ノ上日本国ニ対シ今次ノ戦争ヲ終結スルノ機会ヲ与フルコトニ意見一致セリ
二 合衆国、英帝国及中華民国ノ巨大ナル陸、海、空軍ハ西方ヨリ自国ノ陸軍及空軍ニ依ル数倍ノ増強ヲ受ケ日本国ニ対シ最後的打撃ヲ加フルノ態勢ヲ整ヘタリ右軍事力ハ日本国ガ抵抗ヲ終止スルニ至ルマデ同国ニ対シ戦争ヲ遂行スルノ一切ノ聯合国ノ決意ニ依リ支持セラレ且鼓舞セラレ居ルモノナリ
三 蹶起セル世界ノ自由ナル人民ノ力ニ対スル「ドイツ」国ノ無益且無意義ナル抵抗ノ結果ハ日本国国民ニ対スル先例ヲ極メテ明白ニ示スモノナリ現在日本国ニ対シ集結シツツアル力ハ抵抗スル「ナチス」ニ対シ適用セラレタル場合ニ於テ全「ドイツ」国人民ノ土地、産業及生活様式ヲ必然的ニ荒廃ニ帰セシメタル力ニ比シ測リ知レザル程度ニ強大ナルモノナリ吾等ノ決意ニ支持セラルル吾等ノ軍事力ノ最高度ノ使用ハ日本国軍隊ノ不可避且完全ナル壊滅ヲ意味スベク又同様必然的ニ日本国本土ノ完全ナル破滅ヲ意味スベシ
四 無分別ナル打算ニ依リ日本帝国ヲ滅亡ノ淵ニ陥レタル我儘ナル軍国主義的助言者ニ依リ日本国ガ引続キ統御セラルベキカ又ハ理性ノ経路ヲ日本国ガ履ムベキカヲ日本国ガケッテイスベキ時期ハ到来セリ
五 吾等ノ条件ハ左ノ如シ
吾等ハ右条件ヨリ離脱スルコトナカルベシ右ニ代ル条件存在セズ吾等ハ遅延ヲ認ムルヲ得ズ
六 吾等ハ無責任ナル軍国主義ガ世界ヨリ駆逐サラルルニ至ル迄ハ平和、安全及正義ノ新秩序ガ生ジ得ザルコトヲ主張スルモノナルヲ以テ日本国国民ヲ欺瞞シ之ヲシテ世界征服ノ挙ニ出ヅルノ過誤ヲ犯サシメタル者ノ権力及勢力ハ永久ニ除去セラレザルベカラズ
七 右ノ如キ新秩序ガ建設セラレ且日本国ノ戦争遂行能力ガ破砕セラレタルコトノ確証アルニ至ル迄ハ聯合国ノ指定スベキ日本国領域内ノ諸地点ハ吾等ノ茲ニ指示スル基本的目的ノ達成ヲ確保スル為占領セラルベシ
八 「カイロ」宣言ノ条項ハ履行セラルベク又日本国ノ主権ハ本州、北海道、九州及四国並ニ吾等ノ決定スル諸小島ニ局限セラルベシ
九 日本国軍隊ハ完全ニ武装ヲ解除セラレタル後各自ノ家庭ニ復帰シ平和的且生産的ノ生活ヲ営ムノ機会ヲ得シメラルベシ
十 吾等ハ日本人ヲ民族トシテ奴隷化セントシ又ハ国民トシテ滅亡セシメントスルノ意図ヲ有スルモノニ非ザルモ吾等ノ俘虜ヲ虐待セル者ヲ含ム一切ノ戦争犯罪人ニ対シテハ厳重ナル処罰ヲ加ヘラルベシ日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙ヲ除去スベシ言論、宗教及思想ノ自由並ニ基本的人権ノ尊重ハ確立セラルベシ
十一 日本国ハ其ノ経済ヲ支持シ且公正ナル実物賠償ノ取立ヲ可能ナラシムルガ如キ産業ヲ維持スルコトヲ許サルベシ但シ日本国ヲシテ戦争ノ為再軍備ヲ為スコトヲ得シムルガ如キ産業ハ此ノ限ニ在ラズ右目的ノ為原料ノ入手（其ノ支配トハ之ヲ区別ス）ヲ許可サルベシ日本国ハ将来世界貿易関係ヘノ参加ヲ許サルベシ
十二 前記諸目的ガ達成セラレ且日本国国民ノ自由ニ表明セル意思ニ従ヒ平和的傾向ヲ有シ且責任アル政府ガ樹立セラルルニ於テハ聯合国ノ占領軍ハ直ニ日本国ヨリ撤収セラルベシ
十三 吾等ハ日本国政府ガ直ニ全日本国軍隊ノ無条件降伏ヲ宣言シ且右行動ニ於ケル同政府ニ対ノ誠意ニ付適当且充分ナル保障ヲ提供センコトヲ同政府ニ対シ要求ス右以外ノ日本国ノ選択ハ迅速且完全ナル壊滅アルノミトス
（本用語解説中に掲載する条文は、河原一敏氏入力のテキストを利用させて頂きました。ここに同氏に対し、謹んで感謝を申し上げます。）